10 historical facts about the toothbrush

1.  The word known printed use of the word "toothbrush" was in 1690 in the autobiography of English antiques expert Anthony Wood, who mentioned buying a toothbrush.
2. The first mass-produced toothbrushes came out in 1780 and were produced in England by William Addis.
3. Synthetic fibers were first used in toothbrushes in 1938. Before then, animal hair was more commonly used for the bristles of the brushes.
4. The electric toothbrush was invented in 1939 in Switzerland.
5. In 1223 Zen master Dogen Kigen wrote that he witnessed monks using horse-tail toothbrushes made with handles of ox bone.
6. The first known historical toothbrushes were "chewing sticks" used as long ago as 3500 B.C. by Babylonians.
7. Brushing one's teeth was not popular in the United States until after World War II when soldiers returned home. The U.S. Army had enforced brushing of teeth among its soldiers, and those soldiers kept up the habit upon coming home.
8. Some scholars believe the first actual toothbrush, with a handle and bristles, was created in China in the 1200s.
9. The electric toothbrush was first sold in the United States in 1960.
10. Boar hair toothbrushes were used as recently as the early 1900s.

More domestic links

10 historical facts about toilet paper

10 ways to conserve water

10 Tips for Leather Shoe Care

10 historical facts about Toledo Mud Hens baseball

1. Baseball goes all the way back to 1883 in Toledo, but the team name "Mud Hens" was not used until 1896.
2. What exactly is a "mud hen?" It's a bird that lives in swampy areas. It's common name is "American Coot."
3. There was no baseball team in Toledo from 1956 to 1964. In 1955, the team that was then the Mud Hens moved to Wichita, Kansas, to become the Wichita Braves. But in 1964 the New York Yankees brought its AAA team, formerly the Richmond Virginians to Toledo and that team became the Mud Hens.
4. In 1914 and 1915, the Mud Hens temporarily moved to Cleveland. The move was to help out the Cleveland Indians with a league feud. The Indians' baseball park apparently had to have a game every day of the season for the Indians to avoid joining a new league. The plan worked and the threatening league died the next season.
5. When the team returned to Toledo in 1916, it was renamed the Toledo Iron Men. But that name only lasted for two years, and after that the "Mud Hens" title was born again.
6. Since 2004, every Mud Hens game has been on television thanks to the Buckeye Sports Cable Network.
7. Since 2002, the Toledo Mud Hens have played the team's home games in downtown Toledo at Fifth Third Field.
8. In the sitcom television show M*A*S*H*, the character known as Klinger (played by Jamie Farr) was from Toledo and a major fan of the Mud Hens. Farr was originally from Toledo, and he often wore Mud Hens hats or jerseys on the television program.
9. The Mud Hens have played at the AAA class level since 1946, today as an affiliate team to the Detroit Tigers.
10. In 2005 and 2006, the Toledo Mud Hens were the winners of the Governors' Cup, the annual championship game for the International League.

5 places to buy a sword

Swords of Honor Armory

Working out of central Indiana, this is a good place to start for the first-time sword buyer or the beginning Renaissance festival attendee. They have a little bit of everything, swords, period clothing, leather boots, other weapons, books, CDs etc. And they're prices are more than reasonable; inf fact, if you find yourself balking at their prices, then you probably shouldn't think about buy a sword. Most of what they sell are re-enactment weapons, blades more for looks or for the theater than actual combat, but for most people that's not a problem. I mean, when is the last time the Huns came charging over the hill and you had to grab your trusty broadsword to fend them off? Swords of Honor does have a few battle-ready swords, however, if you are more interested in the real deal.

Museum Replicas

This company has an interesting shop near Atlanta, George, where you can go in and personally see many of the items they sell. But they sell all over the world. In fact, Museum Replicas is one of the best-known retailers for swords and historical garments and gear. Not only do they offer historical pieces, but they also have weapons and a few other items from movies, books and comic books. Want Iron Man's helmet or Captain America's shield? This is the place to go. The prices are usually in a pretty wide range, from the fairly cheap to somewhat expensive. But keep in mind the old saying, you get what you pay for, and it's definitely true when it comes to swords.

Age of Chivalry

Operating out of California, this is another company that offers a bit of everything sword and historical related. Recently they've begun carrying a very few true antique items, mostly Bronze Age arrowheads. They're average prices tend to be a little higher than some of the other places listed here, but they have cheaper items, too, since they have such a wide variety of stuff. They even have for sale children's historical clothing and wooden eating utensils.

LionGate Arms and Armour

If you want the real thing, a true piece of history, you can't do much better than LionGate in Arizona. They offer swords, armor, firearms and more from various periods of history, though I've noticed mostly through the last 500 or so years. Yes, the prices will be expensive. But what can you expect when you're buying a 200-year-old samurai's helmet? Or a 500-year-old spear? The average person might not be able to afford these pieces without saving up for a good while, but the true collector will be able to find something just right for them.

Legacy Forge

Here you're getting your swords right from the makers themselves. They make some real beauties, including axes, fantasy weapons and Eastern blades. The prices are maybe just a little more than what you'd pay for from a traditional retailer, but the quality makes it worth it. Here you're getting a real, modern, sword and not just a piece of junk that's going to break or bend the first time you drop it (which you should never do if at all possible).

10 historical facts about toasters

1. The very first electric toaster was released to the public in Britain in 1893 from Crompton & Company. Not much is known about it other than it was not a very safe toaster. Why?
2. Because safe metals filaments for the inside of toasters had not been invented yet. Such safe filaments, originally known as chromel and today known as nichrome, were patented in 1906 by Illinois inventor Albert Marsh.
3. Just a couple of months after Albert Marsh's chromel was patented, along comes George Schneider with the American Electric Heater Company. Schneider submitted the first U.S. patent for an electric toaster. It would seem that Schneider was familiar with Marsh's invention.
4. Early toasters were known to present a fire hazard, but in 1909 Frank Shailor with the General Electric company applied for a patent for what became the famous GE D-12 toaster. This toaster is often considered by historians to be the first successful toaster in the market place. But was it?
5. The El Tosto toaster might be the first successful commerical toaster. It was sold in 1905 by Pacific Electric Heating and later by Hotpoint Electric. Eventually, General Electric bought out the Hotpoint folks.
6. Then there was also the Simplex toaster sold as early as 1904. It was electric, but it was basically a flat griddle that plugged into the wall. Could this be considered a proper toaster? At least it did toast bread, but still, it was more like an early hot plate than what today we consider a true toaster.
7. In 1913, the Copeman Electric Stove Company began selling the first toaster that toasted bread on both sides. In this case, the Copeman toaster rotated the bread so that one side was toasted, then the other side was toasted.
8. In 1919, Charles Strite patented the first automatic pop-up toaster.
9. In 1926, the Toastmaster 1-A-1 (from the Waters Genter Company) became the first commercially available pop-up toaster.
10. There is an organization that studies the history of the toaster. It's known as The Toaster Museum Foundation. Check out the site if you'd like to know more, and if you'd like to see tons of pictures of old-timey toasters.

10 tips for sword care

1. Avoid prolonged sheathing: Yes, swords were kept in leather sheaths. But not forever. Sheaths, especially leather ones, have dyes and such that can promote rust in a sword. By all means, if you're hanging out at a Renaissance festival all day, please keep your sword in its sheath. But for storage or wall hanging, remove the blade from the sheath. Your sword will remain more attractive that way.
2. Don't bang your sword around: Despite what you see in a movie when some mighty warrior hacks through a tree with a sword, that's a really stupid thing to do. It could bend the sword, or worse, crack or even break it. Swords are weapons. They weren't made to trim your rose bushes or to whack down that oak in your front yard. That's what axes are for. No period warrior in his right mind would ever have considered using a sword for such tasks except perhaps in the most dire of circumstances. And remember, swords might cost a lot nowadays, but they cost even more back in the day.
3. When storing, coat the sword with oil: You don't have to pour on the oil. Just a light layer will do. WD-40 works fine, as do any oils made for firearms. There's moisture in the air, and this can lead to rust on your sword. The oil helps prevent this from happening. Also, make sure the oil you use is non-organic; you definitely don't want corn oil.
4. Don't touch the blade!: This is a pet peeve of mine. The first thing that inevitably happens when you show someone a sword is they touch the blade. NO! Stop that! Fingers have oil on them, but not the good kind of oil that helps protect the sword. Oil from our hands can actually induce rusting, and can even leave fingerprint-shaped marks.
5. Wax your sword: That's right, I said "wax." This is especially important if you're going to be storing that sword for a long time. Many shops that sell swords and Renaissance fairs will have a special sword wax for sale, but some weapon smiths say a good car wax will work just as well.
6. Dry storage: Don't ever forget that swords rust. And even all that oil and wax you've added might not be enough. To this end, when storing your sword, make sure it is in a dry area without a lot of humidity.
7. Don't sharpen your sword: This is especially true for Japanese swords. It takes a lot of skill to sharpen a sword, and it's a task best left to experts. If you absolutely have to have a sword sharpened, contact a professional sword smith and see if they'll do it for you or if they know of someone who can do it for you. Taking a sharpening stone or a turning wheel to your blade might only scratch up and mar the weapon, but it could possibly ruin it altogether.
8. Already rusted?: If your sword already has rust on it, my preferred way of dealing with this is a little olive oil and a Scotch-brite pad. This shouldn't scratch the metal of your blade, unless maybe you scour and scour really hard. Other folks may tell you to use a copper wire brush or steel wool, but I've witnessed swords scratched up pretty well from such use.
9. What about the handle?: Many sword handles will be made of wood. Lemon oil will help protect the wood and keep it from cracking. If your sword's handle is wrapped in leather, you can clean the leather with a paste wax or maybe mink oil (but keep in mind the mink oil will make that leather handle really, really slippery ... so you might want to opt for the wax.
10. Be careful: You knew this one was coming, didn't you? In the modern world, too many people seem to think of swords as toys. Swords are not toys. They are deadly weapons. Even some cheap, theatrical sword bought for ten bucks has the potential to harm. Remember that at all times when you are handling a sword. You are handling a deadly weapon. Treat it as such. Swords can wound, maim and kill. So, just be careful. And enjoy your sword(s).

10 facts about Brigham Young

1. Brigham Young was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801.
2. Before discovering Mormonism, Young had been baptized into the Methodist faith.
3. In his younger days, he worked in various jobs. Among other things, Young was a master carpenter, a glazier, a blacksmith and a painter.
4. Young died in Salt Lake City on September 29, 1877.
5. He first discovered Mormonism in April of 1830 after read the Book of Mormon provided to him by a family member, who had received a copy from Samuel Smith, a brother of Joseph Smith who was traveling through the area where Young lived at the time.
6. Young was baptized into the Church of Mormon on April 15, 1832. He preached his first sermon only a week later.
7. Young's first wife died in 1832, and afterward he and his family moved to Kirtland, Ohio, where Young met Joseph Smith for the first time.
8. Young gave approximately 500 public sermons during his time in Utah, all of which were written down word for word.
9. During his lifetime, Brigham Young had 55 wives.
10. Young is the longest-serving president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. He was president from 1847 to 1877.

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